Integrals Class 12

Master Integrals Class 12 with comprehensive NCERT Solutions, Practice Questions, MCQs, Sample Papers, Case Based Questions, and Video lessons.

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NCERT Solutions

Integrals Class 12 – NCERT Solutions

Each question below opens its complete step-by-step Teachoo solution.

Ex 7.1

22 questions

Ex 7.1, 4

Find an anti derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection.
(ax + b)2

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Ex 7.1, 21 (MCQ)

The anti derivative of $\left(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)$ equals
(A) $\frac{1}{3} x^{\frac{1}{3}}+2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{2}{3}}+\frac{1}{2} x^2+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}}+2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3}{2}}+\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2}}+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.1, 22 (MCQ)

If $\frac{d}{d x} f(x)=4 x^3-\frac{3}{x^4}$ such that $f(2)=0$. Then $f(x)$ is
(A) $x^4+\frac{1}{x^3}-\frac{129}{8}$
(B) $x^3+\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{129}{8}$
(C) $x^4+\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{129}{8}$
(D) $x^3+\frac{1}{x^4}-\frac{129}{8}$

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Ex 7.2

39 questions

Ex 7.2, 38 (MCQ)

$\int \frac{10 x^9+10^x \log _e 10 d x}{x^{10}+10^x}$ equals
(A) $10^x-x^{10}+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $10^x+x^{10}+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\left(10^x-x^{10}\right)^{-1}+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\log \left(10^x+x^{10}\right)+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.2, 39 (MCQ)

$\int \frac{d x}{\sin ^2 x \cos ^2 x}$ equals
(A) $\tan x+\cot x+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\tan x-\cot x+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\tan x \cot x+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\tan x-\cot 2 x+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.3

24 questions

Ex 7.3, 23 (MCQ)

$\int \frac{\sin ^2 x-\cos ^2 x}{\sin ^2 x \cos ^2 x} d x$ is equal to
(A) $\tan x+\cot x+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\tan x+\operatorname{cosec} x+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $-\tan x+\cot x+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\tan x+\sec x+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.3, 24 (MCQ)

$\int \frac{e^x(1+x)}{\cos ^2\left(e^x x\right)} d x$ equals
(A) $-\cot \left(e x^x\right)+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\tan \left(x e^x\right)+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\tan \left(e^x\right)+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\cot \left(e^x\right)+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.4

25 questions

Ex 7.4, 24 (MCQ)

$\int \frac{d x}{x^2+2 x+2}$ equals
(A) $x \tan ^{-1}(x+1)+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\tan ^{-1}(x+1)+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $(x+1) \tan ^{-1} x+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\tan ^{-1} x+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.4, 25 (MCQ)

$\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{9 x-4 x^2}}$ equals
(A) $\frac{1}{9} \sin ^{-1}\left(\frac{9 x-8}{8}\right)+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\frac{1}{2} \sin ^{-1}\left(\frac{8 x-9}{9}\right)+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\frac{1}{3} \sin ^{-1}\left(\frac{9 x-8}{8}\right)+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\frac{1}{2} \sin ^{-1}\left(\frac{9 x-8}{9}\right)+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.5

23 questions

Ex 7.5, 16

$\frac{1}{x\left(x^n+1\right)}$ [Hint: multiply numerator and denominator by $x^{n-1}$ and put $x^n=t$ ]

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Ex 7.5, 17

$\frac{\cos x}{(1-\sin x)(2-\sin x)}$ [Hint : Put $\left.\sin x=t\right]$

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Ex 7.5, 18

$\frac{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2+4\right)}$

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Ex 7.5, 21

$\frac{1}{\left(e^x-1\right)}\left[\right.$ Hint : Put $\left.e^x=t\right]$

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Ex 7.5, 22 (MCQ)

$\int \frac{x d x}{(x-1)(x-2)}$ equals
(A) $\log \left|\frac{(x-1)^2}{x-2}\right|+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\log \left|\frac{(x-2)^2}{x-1}\right|+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\log \left|\left(\frac{x-1}{x-2}\right)^2\right|+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\log |(x-1)(x-2)|+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.5, 23 (MCQ)

$\int \frac{d x}{x\left(x^2+1\right)}$ equals
(A) $\log |x|-\frac{1}{2} \log \left(x^2+1\right)+C$
(B) $\log |x|+\frac{1}{2} \log \left(x^2+1\right)+C$
(C) $-\log |x|+\frac{1}{2} \log \left(x^2+1\right)+C$
(D) $\frac{1}{2} \log |x|+\log \left(x^2+1\right)+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.6

24 questions

Ex 7.6, 23 (MCQ)

$\int x^2 e^{x^3} d x$ equals
(A) $\frac{1}{3} e^{x^3}+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\frac{1}{3} e^{x^2}+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\frac{1}{2} e^{x^3}+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\frac{1}{2} e^{x^2}+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.6, 24 (MCQ)

$\int e^x \sec x(1+\tan x) d x$ equals
(A) $e^x \cos x+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $e^x \sec x+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $e^x \sin x+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $e^x \tan x+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.7

14 questions

Ex 7.7, 10

$\int \sqrt{1+x^2} d x$ is equal to
(A) $\frac{x}{2} \sqrt{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{2} \log \left|\left(x+\sqrt{1+x^2}\right)\right|+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\frac{2}{3}\left(1+x^2\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\frac{2}{3} x\left(1+x^2\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\frac{x^2}{2} \sqrt{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{2} x^2 \log \left|x+\sqrt{1+x^2}\right|+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.7, 11

$\int \sqrt{x^2-8 x+7} d x$ is equal to
(A) $\frac{1}{2}(x-4) \sqrt{x^2-8 x+7}+9 \log \left|x-4+\sqrt{x^2-8 x+7}\right|+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\frac{1}{2}(x+4) \sqrt{x^2-8 x+7}+9 \log \left|x+4+\sqrt{x^2-8 x+7}\right|+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\frac{1}{2}(x-4) \sqrt{x^2-8 x+7}-3 \sqrt{2} \log \left|x-4+\sqrt{x^2-8 x+7}\right|+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\frac{1}{2}(x-4) \sqrt{x^2-8 x+7}-\frac{9}{2} \log \left|x-4+\sqrt{x^2-8 x+7}\right|+\mathrm{C}$

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Ex 7.8

22 questions

Ex 7.8, 8

$\int_{\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \operatorname{cosec} x d x$

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Ex 7.8, 17

$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\left(2 \sec ^2 x+x^3+2\right) d x$

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Ex 7.8, 18

$\int_0^\pi\left(\sin ^2 \frac{x}{2}-\cos ^2 \frac{x}{2}\right) d x$

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Ex 7.8, 21 (MCQ)

$\int_1^{\sqrt{3}} \frac{d x}{1+x^2}$ equals
(A) $\frac{\pi}{3}$
(B) $\frac{2 \pi}{3}$
(C) $\frac{\pi}{6}$
(D) $\frac{\pi}{12}$

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Ex 7.8, 22 (MCQ)

$\int_0^{\frac{2}{3}} \frac{d x}{4+9 x^2}$ equals
(A) $\frac{\pi}{6}$
(B) $\frac{\pi}{12}$
(C) $\frac{\pi}{24}$
(D) $\frac{\pi}{4}$

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Ex 7.9

10 questions

Ex 7.9, 2

$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sqrt{\sin \phi} \cos ^5 \phi d \phi$

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Ex 7.9, 3

$\int_0^1 \sin ^{-1}\left(\frac{2 x}{1+x^2}\right) d x$

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Ex 7.9, 5

$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sin x}{1+\cos ^2 x} d x$

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Ex 7.9, 8

$\int_1^2\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{2 x^2}\right) e^{2 x} d x$

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Ex 7.9, 9 (MCQ)

The value of the integral $\int_{\frac{1}{3}}^1 \frac{\left(x-x^3\right)^{\frac{1}{3}}}{x^4} d x$ is
(A) 6
(B) 0
(C) 3
(D) 4

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Ex 7.9, 10 (MCQ)

If $f(x)=\int_0^x t \sin t d t$, then $f^{\prime}(x)$ is
(A) $\cos x+x \sin x$
(B) $x \sin x$
(C) $x \cos x$
(D) $\sin x+x \cos x$

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Ex 7.10

21 questions

Ex 7.10, 2

$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{\sin x}}{\sqrt{\sin x}+\sqrt{\cos x}} d x$

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Ex 7.10, 3

$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sin ^{\frac{3}{2}} x d x}{\sin ^{\frac{3}{2}} x+\cos ^{\frac{3}{2}} x}$

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Ex 7.10, 4

$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\cos ^5 x d x}{\sin ^5 x+\cos ^5 x}$

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Ex 7.10, 10

$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}(2 \log \sin x-\log \sin 2 x) d x$

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Ex 7.10, 11

$\int_{\frac{-\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin ^2 x d x$

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Ex 7.10, 13

$\int_{\frac{-\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin ^7 x d x$

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Ex 7.10, 15

$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sin x-\cos x}{1+\sin x \cos x} d x$

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Ex 7.10, 19

Show that $\int_0^a f(x) g(x) d x=2 \int_0^a f(x) d x$, if $f$ and $g$ are defined as $f(x)=f(a-x)$ and $g(x)+g(a-x)=4$

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Ex 7.10, 20 (MCQ)

The value of $\int_{\frac{-\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\left(x^3+x \cos x+\tan ^5 x+1\right) d x$ is
(A) 0
(B) 2
(C) $\pi$
(D) 1

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Ex 7.10, 21 (MCQ)

The value of $\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log \left(\frac{4+3 \sin x}{4+3 \cos x}\right) d x$ is
(A) 2
(B) $\frac{3}{4}$
(C) 0
(D) -2

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Examples

62 questions

Example 1 (i)

Example 1
Write an anti derivative for each of the following functions using
the method of inspection:
(i) cos 2x

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Example 1 (ii)

Example 1
Write an anti derivative for each of the following functions using the method of inspection:
(ii) $3 x^2+4 x^3$

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Example 1 (iii)

Example 1
Write an anti derivative for each of the following functions using the method of inspection:
(iii) $\frac{1}{x}, x \neq 0$

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Example 2 (i)

Example 2
Find the following integrals:
(i) $\int \frac{x^3-1}{x^2} d x$

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Example 2 (ii)

Example 2
Find the following integrals:
(ii) $\int\left(x^{\frac{2}{3}}+1\right) d x$

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Example 2 (iii)

Example 2
Find the following integrals:
(iii) $\int\left(x^{\frac{3}{2}}+2 e^x-\frac{1}{x}\right) d x$

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Example 3 (i)

Example 3
Find the following integrals:
(i) $\int(\sin x+\cos x) d x$

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Example 3 (ii)

Example 3
Find the following integrals:
(ii) $\int \operatorname{cosec} x(\operatorname{cosec} x+\cot x) d x$

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Example 3 (iii)

Example 3
Find the following integrals:
(iii) $\int \frac{1-\sin x}{\cos ^2 x} d x$

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Example 4

Example 4
Find the anti derivative F of $f$ defined by $f(x)=4 x^3-6$, where $\mathrm{F}(0)=3$

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Example 5 (i)

Example 5
Integrate the following functions w.r. t. x:
(i) $\sin m x$

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Example 5 (ii)

Example 5
Integrate the following functions w.r. t. x:
(ii) $2 x \sin \left(x^2+1\right)$

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Example 5 (iii)

Example 5
Integrate the following functions w.r. t. x:
(iii) $\frac{\tan ^4 \sqrt{x} \sec ^2 \sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}$

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Example 5 (iv)

Example 5
Integrate the following functions w.r. t. x:
(iv) $\frac{\sin \left(\tan ^{-1} x\right)}{1+x^2}$

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Example 6 (i)

Example 6
Find the following integrals:
(i) $\int \sin ^3 x \cos ^2 x d x$

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Example 6 (ii)

Example 6
Find the following integrals:
(ii) $\int \frac{\sin x}{\sin (x+a)} d x$

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Example 6 (iii)

Example 6
Find the following integrals:
(iii) $\int \frac{1}{1+\tan x} d x$

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Example 8 (i)

Example 8
Find the following integrals:
(i) $\int \frac{d x}{x^2-16}$

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Example 8 (ii)

Example 8
Find the following integrals:
(ii) $\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{2 x-x^2}}$

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Example 9 (i)

Example 9
Find the following integrals:
(i) $\int \frac{d x}{x^2-6 x+13}$

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Example 9 (ii)

Example 9
Find the following integrals:
(ii) $\int \frac{d x}{3 x^2+13 x-10}$

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Example 9 (iii)

Example 9
Find the following integrals:
(iii) $\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{5 x^2-2 x}}$

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Example 10 (i)

Example 10
Find the following integrals:
(i) $\int \frac{x+2}{2 x^2+6 x+5} d x$

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Example 10 (ii)

Example 10
Find the following integrals:
(ii) $\int \frac{x+3}{\sqrt{5-4 x-x^2}} d x$

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Example 14

Example 14
Find $\int \frac{x^2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+4\right)} d x$

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Example 15

Example 15
Find $\int \frac{(3 \sin \phi-2) \cos \phi}{5-\cos ^2 \phi-4 \sin \phi} d \phi$

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Example 16

Example 16
Find

$$
\int \frac{x^2+x+1}{(x+2)(x^2+1)} \, dx.
$$

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Example 20

Example 20
Find

$$
\int \frac{x\sin^{-1}x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} \, dx.
$$

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Example 22

Example 22
Find:
(i)
$$
\int e^x\left(\tan^{-1}x+\frac{1}{1+x^2}\right) \, dx.
$$

(ii)

$$
\int \frac{(x^2+1)e^x}{(x+1)^2} \, dx.
$$

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Example 25 (i)

Example 25
Evaluate the following integrals:
(i)
$$
\int_2^3 x^2 \, dx.
$$

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Example 25 (ii)

Example 25
Evaluate the following integrals:
(ii) $\int_4^9 \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\left(30-x^{\frac{3}{2}}\right)^2} d x$

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Example 25 (iii)

Example 25
Evaluate the following integrals:
(iii)
$$
\int_1^2 \frac{xdx}{(x+1)(x+2)} \
$$

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Example 25 (iv)

Example 25
Evaluate the following integrals:
(iv)
$$
\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \sin^3 2t \cos 2t \, dt.
$$

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Example 26

Example 26 (Method 1)
Evaluate
$$
\int_{-1}^{1} 5x^4\sqrt{x^5+1} \, dx.
$$

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Example 27

Example 27 (Method 1)
Evaluate
$$
\int_0^1 \frac{\tan^{-1}x}{1+x^2} \, dx.
$$

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Example 28

Example 28
Evaluate
$$
\int_{-1}^{2} \left|x^3-x\right| \, dx.
$$

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Example 29

Example 29
Evaluate
$$
\int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \sin^2 x \, dx.
$$

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Example 30

Example 30
Evaluate
$$
\int_0^\pi \frac{x\sin x}{1+\cos^2 x} \, dx.
$$

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Example 31

Example 31
Evaluate
$$
\int_{-1}^{1} \sin^5 x \cos^4 x \, dx.
$$

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Example 32

Example 32
Evaluate
$$
\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sin^4 x}{\sin^4 x+\cos^4 x} \, dx.
$$

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Example 33

Example 33 (Method 1)
Evaluate
$$
\int_{\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{dx}{1+\sqrt{\tan x}}.
$$

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Example 34

Example 34
Evaluate
$$
\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log(\sin x) \, dx.
$$

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Example 35

Example 35
Find
$$
\int \cos 6x \sqrt{1+\sin 6x} \, dx.
$$

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Example 36

Example 36
Find
$$
\int \frac{(x^4-x)^{\frac{1}{4}}}{x^5} \, dx.
$$

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Example 37

Example 37
Find
$$
\int \frac{x^4}{(x-1)(x^2+1)} \, dx.
$$

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Example 38

Example 38
Find
$$
\int \left[\log(\log x)+\frac{1}{(\log x)^2}\right] \, dx.
$$

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Example 39

Example 39
Find
$$
\int \left[\sqrt{\cot x}+\sqrt{\tan x}\right] \, dx.
$$

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Example 40

Example 40
Find
$$
\int \frac{\sin 2x \cos 2x}{\sqrt{9-\cos^4(2x)}} \, dx.
$$

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Example 41

Example 41 (Introduction)
Evaluate
$$
\int_{-1}^{\frac{3}{2}} \left|x\sin(\pi x)\right| \, dx.
$$

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Example 42

Example 42
Evaluate
$$
\int_0^\pi \frac{x}{a^2\cos^2 x+b^2\sin^2 x} \, dx.
$$

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Miscellaneous

40 questions

Misc 3

Misc 3
$\frac{1}{x \sqrt{a x-x^2}}$ [Hint:Put $x=\frac{a}{t}$ ]

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Misc 5

Misc 5
$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}+x^{\frac{1}{3}}}$ [Hint: $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}+x^{\frac{1}{3}}}=\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{3}}\left(1+x^{\frac{1}{6}}\right)}$, put $x=t^6$ ]

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Misc 8

Misc 8
$\frac{e^{5 \log x}-e^{4 \log x}}{e^{3 \log x}-e^{2 \log x}}$

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Misc 10

Misc 10
$\frac{\sin ^8-\cos ^8 x}{1-2 \sin ^2 x \cos ^2 x}$

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Misc 13

Misc 13
$\frac{e^x}{\left(1+e^x\right)\left(2+e^x\right)}$

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Misc 23

Misc 23
$\frac{\sqrt{x^2+1}\left[\log \left(x^2+1\right)-2 \log x\right]}{x^4}$

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Misc 24

Misc 24
$\int_{\frac{\pi}{2}}^\pi e^x\left(\frac{1-\sin x}{1-\cos x}\right) d x$

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Misc 25

Misc 25
$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{\sin x \cos x}{\cos ^4 x+\sin ^4 x}$

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Misc 26

Misc 26
$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\cos ^2 x d x}{\cos ^2 x+4 \sin ^2 x}$

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Misc 27

Misc 27
$\int_{\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{\sin x+\cos x}{\sqrt{\sin 2 x}} d x$

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Misc 29

Misc 29
$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{\sin x+\cos x}{9+16 \sin 2 x} d x$

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Misc 30

Misc 30
$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin 2 x \tan ^{-1}(\sin x) d x$

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Misc 32

Misc 32
$\int_1^3 \frac{d x}{x^2(x+1)}=\frac{2}{3}+\log \frac{2}{3}$

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Misc 35

Misc 35
$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin ^3 x d x=\frac{2}{3}$

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Misc 38 (MCQ)

Misc 38
$\int \frac{d x}{e^x+e^{-x}}$ is equal to
(A) $\tan ^{-1}\left(e^x\right)+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\tan ^{-1}\left(e^{-x}\right)+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\log \left(e^x-e^{-x}\right)+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\log \left(e^x+e^{-x}\right)+\mathrm{C}$

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Misc 39 (MCQ)

Misc 39
$\int \frac{\cos 2 x}{(\sin x+\cos x)^2} d x$ is equal to
(A) $\frac{-1}{\sin x+\cos x}+\mathrm{C}$
(B) $\log |\sin x+\cos x|+\mathrm{C}$
(C) $\log |\sin x-\cos x|+\mathrm{C}$
(D) $\frac{1}{(\sin x+\cos x)^2}$

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Misc 40 (MCQ)

Misc 40
If $f(a+b-x)=f(x)$, then $\int_a^b x f(x) d x$ is equal to
(A) $\frac{a+b}{2} \int_a^b f(b-x) d x$
(B) $\frac{a+b}{2} \int_a^b f(b+x) d x$
(C) $\frac{b-a}{2} \int_a^b f(x) d x$
(D) $\frac{a+b}{2} \int_a^b f(x) d x$

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Why Learn This With Teachoo?

Integrals develops antiderivatives and definite accumulation. Students learn standard integral formulas, substitution, partial fractions, trigonometric methods, integration by parts and properties of definite integrals. Teachoo provides complete NCERT solutions, examples, miscellaneous questions and concept-wise lessons that help students recognise which integration technique fits a given expression.

Indefinite integrals

An indefinite integral is a family of antiderivatives: ∫f(x)dx=F(x)+C where F′(x)=f(x). The constant C is essential because derivatives of constants are zero. Integration reverses differentiation, so derivative formulas provide the first set of standard integrals.

Linearity allows sums and constant multiples to be integrated term by term. Algebraic simplification should come before choosing an advanced method. Many expressions become standard after splitting a fraction, completing a square or using a trigonometric identity.

Main integration methods

Substitution reverses the chain rule. Choose u as an inner expression whose derivative also appears. Integration by parts uses ∫u dv=uv−∫v du and is useful for products of algebraic, logarithmic, inverse-trigonometric or exponential functions. The choice of u should simplify after differentiation.

Partial fractions decomposes a rational function after ensuring the numerator’s degree is less than the denominator’s. The decomposition depends on distinct linear, repeated linear or irreducible quadratic factors. Trigonometric integrals use identities, and special quadratic forms lead to logarithmic or inverse-trigonometric results.

Definite integrals

A definite integral ∫ₐᵇf(x)dx=F(b)−F(a) gives signed accumulation and needs no +C. It can be introduced as a limit of sums. Properties involving interval reversal, splitting and symmetry around midpoint or origin can greatly shorten calculations. Substitution in a definite integral requires changing the limits or returning to the original variable.

Topics and resources on Teachoo

  • NCERT exercises, examples and miscellaneous solutions;

  • standard indefinite integrals;

  • algebraic and trigonometric simplification;

  • substitution;

  • integration by parts;

  • partial fractions;

  • special radical and quadratic forms;

  • definite integrals as limits of sums;

  • properties and symmetry of definite integrals;

  • board and entrance-oriented mixed problems.

Learning outcomes

Students should be able to identify antiderivatives, select and apply integration methods, include constants correctly and verify answers by differentiation. They should evaluate definite integrals and exploit properties without changing signs or limits incorrectly.

Board and entrance-exam preparation

Before integrating, simplify and classify the expression. Keep a method hierarchy: direct formula, simplification, substitution, partial fractions or parts. After an indefinite integral, differentiate the result. For definite integrals, inspect symmetry and properties before doing lengthy antiderivatives.

Common mistakes to avoid

Do not omit +C from indefinite integrals or add it to final definite values. In substitution, include the complete differential factor. In integration by parts, the second integral is subtracted. A proper rational function is required before partial fractions. Preserve transformed limits correctly.

Deeper reasoning and concept connections

In Integrals, fluency means more than repeating a procedure. Students should be able to recognise the underlying structure when the numbers, diagram, wording or orientation changes. A useful routine is: identify the mathematical objects, list the known and unknown quantities, state the governing property, carry out the steps and verify that every condition has been used.

Look for connections within the chapter as well. A definition usually leads to a representation; the representation reveals a pattern; and the pattern supports a rule or calculation. Explaining this chain improves retention and helps with case-based questions. It also prevents the common mistake of selecting a formula simply because its symbols resemble the numbers in the question.

How to solve unfamiliar and competency-based questions

Use a five-step response: interpret, represent, select, solve and verify. Interpret the wording; represent the information; select a definition, property or formula; solve without skipping the logical step; and verify through substitution, estimation, measurement or an alternative representation. This routine works for direct exercises as well as case-based questions.

If information appears unnecessary, ask whether it establishes a hidden condition. If information is missing, state what cannot be determined instead of inventing a value. In written answers, name the rule being used. Clear reasoning helps a teacher award method marks and also makes the page easier for a student—or an AI answer system—to retrieve for the precise doubt being asked.

What complete mastery looks like

For Integrals, a student should be able to define the central ideas in simple language, recognise them in different representations, solve routine questions accurately and explain the method used. They should also be able to correct a flawed solution, create an example satisfying given conditions and combine two ideas from the chapter in one problem. A reliable mastery test is to solve one direct question, one application question and one reasoning question without looking at notes, then explain all three aloud or in writing.

Keep a compact error log with four labels: concept, interpretation, calculation and presentation. Reattempt each error after a gap instead of rereading the answer immediately. Improvement comes from correcting the decision that caused the mistake, not from repeating questions whose method is already known.

Additional frequently asked questions

What should a student know before starting Integrals?

Revise the definitions, number operations, diagrams or notation used at the beginning of the chapter. The prerequisite list should be short: if an earlier skill blocks progress, repair that skill with two or three focused questions and return to the chapter.

How can a student check an answer in Integrals?

Use an independent check whenever possible: substitute the result, reverse the operation, estimate its size, compare it with the figure, test a simpler case or solve using another representation. A check should examine the mathematical condition, not merely repeat the same arithmetic.

How many questions are enough for strong preparation?

There is no fixed number. Stop counting questions and track coverage: every concept, every standard method, at least one mixed problem, one competency-based problem and every previously incorrect type should be solved independently. Ten varied, analysed questions are more valuable than fifty copied solutions.

How should Teachoo solutions be used without becoming dependent on them?

Attempt the question first and mark the exact step where progress stops. Read only enough of the solution to repair that step, close it and restart the question. Finally, solve a similar problem without help. This turns a solution into feedback rather than a substitute for thinking.

Frequently asked questions

How can the correct integration method be chosen?

Simplify first, then look for a standard form, an inner function with its derivative, a product suited to parts or a rational expression suited to partial fractions.

How can an indefinite integral be checked?

Differentiate the proposed antiderivative and verify that the original integrand is recovered.

Why is there no constant in a definite integral answer?

Any antiderivative constants cancel in F(b)−F(a).