Haloalkanes:
-
When the
hydrogen of an alkane is replaced by halogen
(like chlorine, bromine, fluorine etc. ), we get
haloalkane
.
Alkane - (Hydrogen Atom) + Halogen Atom = Haloalkane
Eg. Chloromethane, Bromoethane, Chlorobutane etc.
Example
We know that Methane (CH 4 ) is an alkane
- It has 1 Carbon atoms and 4 Hydrogen Atoms
- If we replace 1 of Hydrogen Atom with Chlorine Atoms,
- We get CH 3 Cl (Chloromethane)
- Thus, Chloromethane is a Haloalkane.
CH 4 + HCl = CH 3 Cl + H 2
Similarly,
We can replace hydrogen with other Halo-alkanes as well, such as bromine.
We get CH 3 Br (Bromomethane), CH 3 I, CH 3 F
These are all examples of Haloalkanes.
CH 4 +HBr=CH 3 Br
Naming of HaloAlkanes:
Step 1
We take Parent alkane by seeing number of carbon atoms
(If 1 Carbon Atom, we use Methane, if 2 carbon atoms ,we use ethane)
Step 2
We use Certain Prefix like Chloro, Bromo etc for Halogen Atom used
(‘Floro’ for Florine, 'Chloro' for Chlorine, 'Bromo' for Bromine, ‘Iodo’ for Iodine)
Example
CH 3 Cl is called Chloromethane for its 1 Carbon Atom , and 1 Chlorine atom in the structure
General Formula for Alkanes and Haloalkanes
|
Alkane Name |
HaloAlkane Name |
|
C n H 2n+2 |
C n H 2n+1 -X |
|
|
where X =Halogen Item like Chlorine,Bromine |
Different Alkanes and their HaloAlkanes of Chlorine
|
Number of Carbon Atoms |
Alkane Name |
HaloAlkane Name |
|
1 |
Methane |
Chloromethane |
|
|
CH 4 |
CH 3 Cl |
|
2 |
Ethane |
Chloroethane |
|
|
C 2 H 6 |
C 2 H 5 Cl |
|
3 |
Propane |
Chloropropane |
|
|
C 3 H 8 |
C 3 H 7 Cl |
|
4 |
Butane |
Chlorobutane |
|
|
C 4 H 10 |
C 4 H 9 Cl |
Different Alkanes and their Haloalkanes of Bromine
|
Alkane Name |
Haloalkane Name |
|
Methane |
Bromomethane |
|
CH 4 |
CH 3 Br |
|
Ethane |
Bromoethane |
|
C 2 H 6 |
C 2 H 5 Br |
|
Propane |
Bromopropane |
|
C 3 H 8 |
C 3 H 7 Br |
|
Butane |
Bromobutane |
|
C 4 H 10 |
C 4 H 9 Br |
