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- Better technology, and regions linked by trade, is what led to the rise of the Harappan cities .
- Economic integration means different regions became joined together through trade and exchange.
Worth remembering
For small weights the Harappans used a doubling pattern - 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 (a binary multiple system). For bigger weights they used multiples of ten.
Still true today
The criss-cross plough marks at Kalibangan are like the Rabi and Kharif cropping still done today.
1. What are the three stages of the Harappan civilisation?
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Early, Mature and Late Harappan
2. When does the Mature Harappan stage begin?
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2600 BCE
3. Name two places where Early Harappan bead production has been found.
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Any two of Harappa, Kunal and Datrana
| When | Stage | What happened |
|---|---|---|
| 7000 BCE | Neolithic | Farming villages begin - Mehrgarh , in the foothills of Baluchistan |
| 7000-5500 BCE | Pre-Harappan | Phase begins at Bhirrana and Kunal , in the dried Sarasvati river belt |
| 4500 BCE | Chalcolithic | Copper extracted from its ores; regional pottery styles appear from 4000 BCE onwards |
| 3300 BCE | Bronze Age begins / Early Harappan | Perimeter walls, seals, beads, first graffiti on pottery |
| 2600 BCE | Mature Harappan | The full civilisation - urban centres emerge |
| About 2500 BCE | Mature Harappan | Regional styles become standard features of the civilisation |
| 1900 BCE | Late Harappan | The civilisation begins to decline |
| 1300 BCE | Late Harappan ends | End of the Harappan civilisation |
