- Various food and non-food crops are grown in various regions of the nation depending on the changes in the soil, climate, and farming techniques .
- Rice , wheat, millets, lentils, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oil seeds, cotton , and jute , are major crops cultivated in India.
Rice
- India is the second largest producer of rice in the world .
- It is a Kharif crop
- Cimatic Condition to grow rice
- High temperature ( above 25 ° C)
- High precipitation ( above 100 cm )
- High humidity
- In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation
- Major rice producing states : West Bengal , Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, etc
Wheat
- In the country's north and north-western regions , it serves as the primary food crop.
- It is a rabi crop
-
Climatic conditions
to grow
wheat
- Low temperature ( 20 ° - 25 ° C)
- Bright sunshine at the time of ripening .
- Moderate rainfall ( 50- 75 cm)
-
Important
wheat growing zones in India
- Ganga Satluj Plain
- Deccan region
- Major wheat producing states: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, etc
Millets
TYPES OF MILLETS
- In India , the three most significant millets are jowar, bajra, and ragi.
- They are known as coarse grains .
- These have a high nutritional value
RAGI
- Rich in iron, calcium , and roughage.
- Cultivate on red, black, sandy, loamy , and shallow black soils .
- Major ragi-producing states : Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Jharkhand, and Arunachal Pradesh.
BAJRA
- Grows on sandy and shallow black soils.
- Major bajra-producing States: Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana.
JOWAR
- It is a rain-fed crop that is primarily grown in moist regions and requires little irrigation.
- Major Jowar producing States : Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.
Maize
- This particular crop is used both as food and fodder .
- It is a Kharif crop
- Temperature suitable for growing maize : 21° C - 27° C
- It grows well on old alluvial soil .
- In Bihar maize is grown in the rabi season .
- Major maize-producing states: Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.
Pulses
- India is the largest producer and the consumer of pulses in the world .
- These constitute the main protein source in a vegetarian diet.
- Major pulses are grown in India : tur (arhar), urad, moong, masur, peas and gram.
- Pulses can be grown in dry conditions and require less moisture .
- All leguminous crops (except arhar) help to restore soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air.
- Typically cultivated with other crops in rotation .
- Major pulse-producing states in India: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka.
