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Before we move on…
- Before we move on...
- Indian civilisation demonstrates a remarkable continuity in its cultural, social, and political traditions.
- The structures of social, cultural, and political life in India evolved from the Vedic period and took various forms across space and time.
- The rise of powerful states such as Magadha and empires like the Mauryas and Guptas led to the emergence of structured systems of administration, taxation, military organisation, and governance.
- Early political organisation evolved from clans ( janas ) led by a raja to larger kingdoms and republics ( ganas or samghas ) , and later to powerful empires such as the Mauryas, Guptas, and Cholas.
- The economy was largely based on agriculture , supported by irrigation works, while trade networks, ports, and guilds played a vital role in the growth of commerce and crafts.
- Despite political changes, knowledge traditions , trade networks, cultural, and devotional practices such as Bhakti continued to flourish across regions.
