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Separately from Fig. 5.1, the chapter also runs a two-track dated timeline strip along the bottom margin of each page, tracking Political Developments and Cultural and Religious Developments side by side. On these opening pages it records:
| Track | Date | Entry |
|---|---|---|
| Cultural and Religious | 2000-500 BCE | Vedic period |
| Cultural and Religious | 1500-300 BCE | Upanishads |
| Cultural and Religious | 600-300 BCE | Life of Gautama Buddha and Mahavira |
| Political | 600-300 BCE | Rise of the mahajanapadas |
| Political | 321 BCE | Foundation of the Mauryan Empire by Chandragupta Maurya |
As you move through the chapter, keep following the timeline. For any event that interests you, ask:
- What happened?
- When did it happen?
- Why does it matter?
By the end of the chapter, choose one event that interests you, share why it matters, and document it for further exploration .
The chapter's main story:
kin-based communities became larger territorial states and empires, while social, ethical, cultural and economic institutions also developed and continued across time.
