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The chapter begins with communities organised mainly through kinship , that is, family and clan ties. Over time, larger territorial political units developed.
Jana and Kula
kin-based social organisation
↓
Janapadas
territorial political units
↓
Mahajanapadas
larger territorial political units
↓
Large kingdoms and empires
- Examples later in the chapter include the Mauryas and Guptas in northern India.
- In southern India, the chapter later studies the Cholas .
This is only the chapter's roadmap. We will learn
jana
,
janapada
and
mahajanapada
properly when they appear in the lesson.
