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Image plan
This version keeps all textbook figures (Fig. 2.1 to Fig. 2.30) and only the most important extra concept visuals. That keeps the chapter practical for image making while still covering the full book.
The best way to begin is to look closely at the name of the chapter — it tells us exactly what the whole chapter is about.
Understanding the Name of the Chapter
The name has two parts — “the Earth’s Surface” and “Shaping”. Let us understand each one.
What is the Earth’s surface?
What do we mean by the Earth’s surface?
Earth
our planet
Surface
its outer face
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The ground we stand on — its hills, plains, rivers and coasts. These features are also called landforms.
- The Earth’s surface is the ground we stand on and see around us.
- It has many shapes — hills, plains, valleys, rivers and coasts.
- All these surface features are also called landforms .
Does the surface of the Earth always remain the same?
What does “Shaping” tell us about the surface?
Shaping
means changing shape
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The surface does not stay the same — it keeps changing its shape.
- No — the surface does not stay the same.
- It slowly changes shape all the time.
- It is not uniform and not consistent .
- This constant changing is exactly what “Shaping” means.
Key idea: the Earth’s surface is
not consistent
— it keeps changing its shape.
How does the Earth’s surface change its shape?
Which two forces change the surface?
How does it change?
two kinds of force
External forces
Act on the surface
Example:
Rivers
Storms
Wind
Internal forces
Act from inside Earth
Example:
Earthquakes
Plate tectonics
- The surface changes because of forces .
- These forces are of two kinds .
- Some act on the outside — the external forces.
- Some act from inside the Earth — the internal forces.
