How would you evaluate Napoleon as an administrator who created a more rational and efficient system? Elucidate with suitable examples.
Answer:
Answer by Student
Napoleon was a remarkable administrator who created a more rational and efficient system in the following ways:
-
He introduced the
Civil Code of 1804
, also known as the
Napoleonic Code
, which
simplified and unified the laws
of France and abolished feudal privileges and serfdom.
The code was based on the principles of the French Revolution, such as liberty, equality, fraternity, and secularism.
-
He reformed the
administration
by dividing France into
departments
and appointing
prefects
to oversee them. He also established a
centralized bureaucracy
and a
uniform system of taxation
.
The departments were based on geographical boundaries rather than historical or feudal divisions.
The prefects were responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting taxes, supervising public works, and enforcing conscription. They were directly appointed by Napoleon and loyal to him.
-
He promoted the
principles of meritocracy
and
equality before law
by opening up careers in the army, civil service, and education to all citizens regardless of birth or wealth
Napoleon believed that talent and ability should be rewarded rather than birth or wealth. He created a system of ranks, medals, honors, and pensions for his soldiers and officials.
-
He fostered the
development of education, science, and culture
by establishing the
University of France
, the
Institute of France
, and the
National Library
. He also patronized many artists, writers, and scientists. For example,
The University of France was a centralized organization that controlled all levels of education in France. It set the curriculum, standards, examinations, degrees, and salaries for teachers and professors.
- He improved the infrastructure and communication by building roads, bridges, canals, and ports. He also introduced the metric system of weights and measures and the decimal system of currency. The decimal system was stable, uniform, and easy to use. It replaced the old system that used livres, sous, and deniers.
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