Line 33

“If ever she’s poor and old and grey,”
1. Literal Meaning

He imagines that his own mother may one day become old, poor and grey.

2. Literary / Deeper Meaning

He recognises that age and vulnerability can come to anyone. This makes empathy forward-looking, not limited to the present woman.

3. Poetic Devices
Repetition means earlier descriptive words return
Example: “Never, never give up.”
In the poem: “poor and old and grey” Effect: The repeated description transfers the old woman’s condition to the boy’s imagined mother.
4. Theme

Shared human vulnerability.

5. Tone

Reflective and tender.

6. Mood

The reader thinks about loved ones growing old.

7. Rhyming Scheme

“grey” rhymes with “away” in the next line.

Questions for Line 33
Why does the poet repeat the ideas of being “poor and old and grey”? 2 Marks
How to answer: Explain how the repeated description now applies to the boy’s mother.
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Answer: The same description first belonged to the stranger. By applying it to his own mother, the boy shows that the distance between “stranger” and “family” is smaller than it seems.

How does the use of repetition in this line add to its meaning? 3 Marks
How to answer: Explain the line first, then connect it to the effect of repetition.
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Answer: He recognises that age and vulnerability can come to anyone. This makes empathy forward-looking, not limited to the present woman. The repeated description transfers the old woman’s condition to the boy’s imagined mother. The line also develops the idea of Shared human vulnerability .

Line 34

“When her own dear boy is far away.”
1. Literal Meaning

He imagines being absent when his mother needs help.

2. Literary / Deeper Meaning

The boy realises that family members cannot always be present. Society becomes kinder when strangers are willing to care in those moments.

3. Poetic Devices
Emotional situation means the line creates an imagined separation
Example: Imagining a loved one far away creates an emotional situation.
In the poem: “her own dear boy is far away” Effect: The possibility of absence makes his hope for strangers’ kindness more touching.
4. Theme

Community care beyond one’s own family.

5. Tone

Tender and thoughtful.

6. Mood

The reader feels emotional concern.

7. Rhyming Scheme

“away” completes the rhyme with “grey”.

Questions for Line 34
What larger social idea is suggested by “her own dear boy is far away”? 2 Marks
How to answer: Move from the boy’s family to the role of strangers in society.
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Answer: It suggests that family members cannot always be present to help. A caring society depends on people being willing to support strangers when their own loved ones are absent.

How does the use of emotional situation in this line add to its meaning? 3 Marks
How to answer: Explain the line first, then connect it to the effect of emotional situation.
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Answer: The boy realises that family members cannot always be present. Society becomes kinder when strangers are willing to care in those moments. The possibility of absence makes his hope for strangers’ kindness more touching. The line also develops the idea of Community care beyond one’s own family .

Questions for Stanza 17
What larger message about society appears in Stanza 17? 3 Marks
How to answer: Explain why strangers may sometimes need to care for one another.
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Answer: Family members cannot always be present when someone needs help. A caring society depends on people treating strangers with the same concern they would want for their own loved ones.

How do the two lines of Stanza 17 work together to develop its main idea? 3 Marks
How to answer: Explain what each line contributes, then combine them into the stanza’s overall meaning.
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Answer: He imagines a future when his mother may be old and he may be far away.

Why is Stanza 17 important to the poem as a whole? 5 Marks
How to answer: Place this couplet inside the larger story. Explain what it adds before the poem moves forward.
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Answer: Stanza 17 is important because it develops the boy’s empathy as he connects the stranger with his own mother. He imagines a future when his mother may be old and he may be far away. This helps the poem move naturally towards its larger message of empathy, kindness and seeing the human value in another person.

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CA Maninder Singh

CA Maninder Singh is a Chartered Accountant with 16+ years of practical experience and 20+ years of teaching experience. At Teachoo, he simplifies Accounts, Tax and GST with step-by-step examples so students can apply concepts confidently in exams and real life.

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