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π‘ Tip: follow the line down through each numbered branch to see how the chapter connects.
| Section | Key Idea |
|---|---|
| 3.1 What Is the Atmosphere? | Gravity holds a blanket of gases around the Earth |
| 3.2 Composition | Nitrogen, oxygen and other gases, water vapour, dust |
| 3.3 Structure | Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere |
| 3.4 Weather and Climate | Temperature, humidity, precipitation, pressure and wind interact |
| 3.5 Seasons in India | Winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon |
| 3.6 Monsoon | Seasonal wind reversal that shapes Indian life |
| 3.7 Climate Change | Human activity raises greenhouse gases and temperatures |
| 3.8 Punjab Floods 2025 | A case study linking monsoon, rivers and disaster risk |
