The London poor in the mid-nineteenth century as seen by a contemporary.

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  • The London poor in the mid-nineteenth century as seen by a contemporary. 
  • From Henry Mayhew , London Labour and the London Poor , 1861 .

The Paris Commune

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  • This painting depicts the 1871 Paris Commune .
  • It depicts a scene from the uprising of the people that occurred in Paris between March and May 1871 .
  • During this time, a " peoples' government " made up of workers , regular citizens , professionals , political activists , and others took control of Paris' town council ( commune ).
  • Growing unhappiness with French state policies served as the backdrop for the rebellion .
  • The ‘Paris Commune’ was ultimately crushed by government troops but it was celebrated by the socialist world over as a prelude to a socialist revolution .
  • The Paris Commune is also well-known for two significant contributions: first, for its connection to the workers' red flag , which the communards ( revolutionaries ) in Paris adopted; second, for the " Marseillaise ," which was originally composed as a war song in 1792 but later came to represent the Commune and the fight for freedom.

Tsar Nicholas II

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  • This image is of Tsar Nicholas II, who ruled Russia from 1894 to 1914 , in the White Hall of the Winter Palace , St Petersburg, 1900
  • Painted by Earnest Lipgart (1847-1932)

Europe in 1914

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  • The map shows the Russian empire and the European countries at war during the First World War.

Unemployed peasants in pre-war St Petersburg.

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  • The above image shows unemployed peasants in pre-war St Petersburg .
  • Many survived by eating at charitable kitchens and living in poorhouses.

Workers sleeping in bunkers in a dormitory in pre-revolutionary Russia.

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  • Workers sleeping in bunkers in a dormitory in pre-revolutionary Russia .
  • They slept in shifts and could not keep their families with them .

Russian soldiers during the First World War

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  • Russian soldiers during the First World War
  • The Imperial Russian army came to be known as the ‘Russian steam roller’
  • It was the largest armed force in the world
  • When this army shifted its loyalty and began supporting the revolutionaries , Tsarist power collapsed.

The Petrograd Soviet meeting in the Duma, February 1917

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  • The Petrograd Soviet meeting in the Duma , February 1917.

A Bolshevik image of Lenin addressing workers in April 1917

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  • A Bolshevik image of Lenin addressing workers in April 1917.

The July Days

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  • A pro-Bolshevik demonstration on 17 July 1917 was fired upon by the army .

Lenin (left) and Trotskii (right)

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  • Lenin (left) and Trotskii (right) with workers at Petrograd .

A soldier wearing the Soviet hat (budeonovka).

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  • A soldier wearing the Soviet hat (budeonovka).
  • To assert the change , new uniforms were designed for the army and officials, following a clothing competition organised in 1918 – when the Soviet hat (budeonovka) was chosen.

Factories came to be seen as a symbol of socialism

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  • Factories came to be seen as a symbol of socialism
  • This poster states: ‘The smoke from the chimneys is the breathing of Soviet Russia .’ 

Children at school in Soviet Russia in the 1930s

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  • Children at school in Soviet Russia in the 1930s.
  • They are studying the Soviet economy .

A child in Magnitogorsk during the First Five Year Plan.

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  • A child in Magnitogorsk during the First Five Year Plan. 
  • He is working for Soviet Russia .

Joseph Stalin

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  • Joseph Stalin was a Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until he died in 1953 .

 A poster during collectivisation

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  • A poster during collectivisation .
  • It states: ‘We shall strike at the kulak working for the decrease in cultivation.’

Peasant women being gathered to work in the large collective farms.

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  • Peasant women were gathered to work in the large collective farms .

Special Issue on Lenin of the Indo-Soviet Journal.

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  • Special Issue on Lenin of the Indo-Soviet Journal .
  • Indian communists mobilised support for the USSR during the Second World War.
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Davneet Singh's photo - Co-founder, Teachoo

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Davneet Singh

Davneet Singh has done his B.Tech from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He has been teaching from the past 14 years. He provides courses for Maths, Science, Social Science, Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science at Teachoo.