Match the acids given in Column (A) with their correct source given in Column (B).

 

Column (A)

Column (B)

(a) Lactic acid

(i) Tomato

(b) Acetic acid

(ii) Lemon

(c)Citric acid

(iii) Vinegar

(d) Oxalic acid

(iv) Curd

 

Answer

Based on the presence of acid in the given substance;

  1. →  iv
  2. →  iii
  3. →  ii
  4. →  i

 

Name the acid present in ant sting and give its chemical formula. Also give the common method to get relief from the discomfort caused by the ant sting.

 

Answer

Acid present in ant sting - Methanoic acid (Formic acid)

Chemical formula - HCOOH

Method to get relief - Applying a paste of baking soda (Na 2 CO 3 ) on it

Treating Ant Sting-01.jpg

How would you distinguish between baking powder and washing soda by heating?

 

Answer

On heating Baking powder (NaHCO 3 ), CO 2 gas is released

This gas on passing through limewater, turns milky

On Heating Baking Powder - Teachoo.jpg

 

On heating Washing soda (Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O), no gas evolves

It just loses its water of crystallization and it turns into an amorphous powder.

 

Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O   →  Na 2 CO 3   +  10H 2 O

Water of Crystallisation in Na2CO3 - Teachoo.jpg

 

Salt A commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into another salt B which itself is used for removal of hardness of water and a gas C is evolved. The gas C when passed through lime water, turns it milky. Identify A, B and C.

 

Answer

Salt used in bakery products - Salt A - Baking soda - NaHCO 3 (Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate)

On heating Baking powder (NaHCO 3 );

 

2NaHCO 3   →  Na 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O    

                                                                                     Salt A                        Salt B          Gas C

 

  • Salt B - Baking powder - Na 2 CO 3 (Sodium Carbonate) is formed which is used to remove hardness of water
  • CO 2 gas is released and on passing through limewater, turns milky due to formation of Calcium Carbonate

Ca(OH) 2 + CO 2   →  CaCO 3 + H 2 O

 

 

In one of the industrial processes used for manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed as a by-product. The gas X reacts with lime water to give a compound Y which is used as a bleaching agent in the chemical industry. Identify X and Y giving the chemical equation of the reactions involved.

 

Answer

Industrial process for manufacturing NaOH ;

Electricity is passed through salt water (called brine), to form Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Chlorine and Water. The process is called the chlor-alkali process.

2NaCl(aq) + 2H 2 O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl 2 (g) + H 2 (g)

                                               ‘Gas X’

 

Manufacture of Bleaching powder ;

Chlorine produced in the process of making Sodium Hydroxide is used for the manufacture of Bleaching powder. The Chlorine reacts with dry slaked lime (Ca(OH) 2 ) to produce bleaching powder (CaOCl 2 ).

Ca(OH) 2 + Cl 2 → CaOCl 2 + H 2 O

                      ‘Bleaching powder’

 

So, X is Cl 2 and Y is CaOCl 2

 

 

A metal carbonate X on reacting with an acid gives a gas which when passed through a solution Y gives the carbonate back. On the other hand, a gas G that is obtained at anode during electrolysis of brine is passed on dry Y, it gives a compound Z, used for disinfecting drinking water. Identify X, Y, G and Z.

 

Answer

The metal Carbonate ‘X’ is Calcium Carbonate ;

CaCO 3 + HCl → CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O

                                                    ‘X’       Acid                  Gas

 

Ca(OH) 2 + CO 2   →  CaCO 3 + H 2 O

                                                      ‘Y’         Gas            ‘X’

The solution ‘Y’ is Calcium Hydroxide

 

2NaCl + 2H 2 O → 2NaOH + Cl 2 + H 2

                                   ‘G’

                                                       (Brine)                    (Anode) (Cathode)

 

The gas ‘G’ obtained at Cathode is Chlorine  

 

Ca(OH) 2 + Cl 2 → CaOCl 2 + H 2 O

                                      Dry slaked lime     ‘G’           ‘Z’

 

The compound used for disinfection of water, ‘Z’ is Calcium Oxychloride

 

Identify the compound X on the basis of the reactions given below. Also, write the name and chemical formulae of A, B and C.

 

Answer

Compound ‘X’ is Sodium Hydroxide

     

2NaOH + Zn → Na 2 ZnO 2   + H 2 (g)

                                                        ‘X’                      ‘A’                         

 

Compound ‘A’ is Sodium Zincate                                  

 

NaOH + HCl →  NaCl + H 2 O

                                                         ‘X’                      ‘B’        

 

Compound ‘B’ is Sodium Chloride

 

NaOH + CH 3 COOH →  CH 3 COONa + H 2 O

                                              ‘X’                                      ‘C’      

 

Compound ‘C’ is Sodium Ethanoate

 

 

Match the important chemicals given in Column (A) with the chemical formulae given in Column (B).

Column A

Column B

  1. Plaster of Paris

(i) CaOH 2

  1. Gypsum

(ii) CaSO 4 . ½ H 2 O

  1. Bleaching Powder

(iii) CaSO 4 . 2H 2 O

  1. Slaked Lime

(iv) CaOCl 2

 

Answer

  1. →  ii      Plaster of Paris → CaSO 4 . ½ H 2 O
  2. →  iii     Gypsum   →   CaSO 4 . 2H 2 O
  3. →  iv     Bleaching Powder  →   CaOCl 2
  4. →  i       Slaked Lime  →    CaOH 2

 

Fill in the missing data in the following data.

Name of the salt

Formula

Salt obtained from

Base

Acid

Ammonium Chloride

NH 4 Cl

NH 4 OH

 

Copper Sulphate

   

H 2 SO 4

Sodium Chloride

NaCl

NaOH

 

Magnesium Nitrate

Mg(NO 3 ) 2

 

HNO 3

Potassium Sulphate

K 2 SO 4

   

Calcium Nitrate

Ca(NO 3 ) 2

Ca(OH) 2

 

 

Answer

 

Name of the salt

Formula

Salt obtained from

Base

Acid

Ammonium Chloride

NH 4 Cl

NH 4 OH

HCl

Copper Sulphate

CuSO 4

Cu(OH) 2

H 2 SO 4

Sodium Chloride

NaCl

NaOH

HCl

Magnesium Nitrate

Mg(NO 3 ) 2

Mg(OH) 2

HNO 3

Potassium Sulphate

K 2 SO 4

KOH

H 2 SO 4

Calcium Nitrate

Ca(NO 3 ) 2

Ca(OH) 2

HNO 3

 

In the following schematic diagram for the preparation of hydrogen gas as shown in the given figure, what would happen if following changes are made ?

Reaction of Zinc Metal with Dilute Sulphuric Acid - Teachoo.jpg

  1. In place of zinc granules, the same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube.
  2. Instead of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is taken.
  3. In place of zinc, copper turnings are taken.
  4. Sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated.

 

Answer

  1. Zinc dust will have more surface area compared to Zinc granules.
    More surface area of metal means rate of reaction will be more
    Reaction will be faster with zinc dust as against zinc granules

  2. The reaction will proceed at almost the same rate
    The H 2 gas produced will be nearly the same amount

  3. According to reactivity series, Copper is less reactive than Hydrogen
    So reaction will not take place if Copper is taken in place of Zinc

  4. The reaction will be as follows:

Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide with Zn Metal - Teachoo.jpg

2NaOH + Zn → Na 2 ZnO 2   + H 2 (g)

                                                                     Sodium Zincate

 

For making cake, baking powder is taken. If at home your mother uses baking soda instead of baking powder in cake.

  1. How will it affect the taste of the cake and why?
  2. How can baking soda be converted into baking powder?
  3. What is the role of tartaric acid added to baking soda?




Answer

  1. Baking soda will react to form Sodium Carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 )
    This will bring about a bitter taste to the cake as Na 2 CO 3 is a base.

  2. Baking soda can be converted to baking powder upon heating . The reaction is as follows;
                          2NaHCO 3   →  Na 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O   
                           Baking soda        Baking powder
    What happens when Baking Soda is heated - Teachoo-01.jpg
  3. Tartaric acid and Sodium Carbonate undergo neutralization reaction .
    As a result, the cake will not taste bitter .

 

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Maninder Singh

CA Maninder Singh is a Chartered Accountant for the past 14 years and a teacher from the past 18 years. He teaches Science, Economics, Accounting and English at Teachoo