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Cause and Effect — Tissues and the Body
How Tissues Build and Run the Body
Similar cells group together
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Tissues form
Each tissue does one job (division of labour).
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Tissues team up
Plant and animal tissues run growth, transport, movement and control.
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An efficient, working body
Mind Map of the Chapter
Tissues
Groups of similar cells working together; lead to division of labour.
Plant growth tissues
Meristematic: apical (length), lateral (girth), intercalary (regrowth).
Permanent plant tissues
Epidermis; parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma; xylem and phloem.
Animal tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous.
Muscles
Skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), cardiac (heart).
Musculoskeletal system
Bones and muscles move the body under nervous control.
Joints
Ball and socket, hinge, pivot and fixed.
Skeletal system
Skull, vertebral column and rib cage protect and support.
Key Terms
- Tissue
- A group of similar cells that work together for one function.
- Division of labour
- Different tissues doing different jobs to raise efficiency.
- Meristematic tissue
- Actively dividing tissue that makes a plant grow.
- Apical meristem
- Meristem at tips that increases length.
- Lateral meristem
- Meristem in a ring that increases girth.
- Intercalary meristem
- Meristem at nodes that helps regrowth.
- Differentiation
- Becoming specialised into permanent tissue.
- Epidermis
- The protective outer layer of a plant.
- Parenchyma
- Thin-walled cells that store food.
- Collenchyma
- Cells with thick corners giving flexible support.
- Sclerenchyma
- Thick, lignified, dead cells giving strength.
- Xylem
- Tissue that carries water and minerals.
- Phloem
- Tissue that carries food.
- Epithelial tissue
- Tissue covering the body and lining organs.
- Connective tissue
- Tissue that connects and supports, like blood and bone.
- Neuron
- A nerve cell that carries messages.
- Joint
- A junction between two or more bones.
- Totipotency
- The power of some plant cells to grow a whole new plant.
