I.
Vocabulary I.
Read the highlighted words. Classify the words/phrases given in the box as shown in the table. [Words: dao, dough, pounding, bamboo, clay, kiln, spatula, basket, cylinders, rotating, bed of hay, shaping]
How to answer:
Classify each word: does it name a tool, a material, or a step in the process?
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Tools / Implements
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Raw Materials
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Process
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dao (example)
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dough (example)
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pounding (example)
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spatula
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clay
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rotating
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basket
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bamboo
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shaping
|
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cylinders
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bed of hay
|
—
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kiln
|
—
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—
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Teen columns hain: tools, raw materials, process. Dao, spatula, basket, kiln — tools hain. Clay, bamboo, hay — materials hain. Pounding, rotating, shaping — process hain.
II.
Vocabulary II.
Notice the use of the following words: pittance, rupees, reward, return. These words relate to livelihood and economic aspects. Work in pairs and find the meanings of the following words related to economy: bankrupt, credit, currency, debt, fiscal, inflation, investment, interest. Now, frame sentences using each word.
How to answer:
Use a dictionary to find the meaning, then write your own example sentence for each word.
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Word
|
Meaning
|
Example Sentence
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bankrupt
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Unable to pay debts; financially ruined
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The small shop went bankrupt after the new mall opened nearby.
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credit
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Ability to borrow money or buy now and pay later
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She bought the laptop on credit and paid in monthly instalments.
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currency
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The money used in a country
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The currency of India is the rupee.
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debt
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Money owed to someone else
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Arenla was always worried about the family's debt to the moneylender.
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fiscal
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Relating to government revenue, taxes, or finances
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The government announced new policies in the fiscal budget.
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inflation
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General rise in prices over time
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Due to inflation, the price of clay pots has doubled in five years.
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investment
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Using money to earn more money or create value
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Buying a good kiln was an investment that improved the potter's output.
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interest
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Extra money paid for borrowing, or earned on savings
|
The bank charges 8% interest per year on home loans.
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Yeh economy ke words hain. Dictionary se meaning dhundho phir apna example sentence likho. Meanings table mein hain — sentences apne bhi change kar sakte ho.
Vocabulary III — Subordinate Clauses (Noun Clauses)
Complete the following sentences with suitable noun clauses.
III.
(i)
The elders emphasised that _______________.
How to answer:
Noun clause after "that" — write what the elders stressed about keeping tradition alive.
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The elders emphasised that
the tradition of pot making must not be lost and should be passed on to the next generation
.
Elders ne kya bol ke emphasise kiya? "That" ke baad noun clause aata hai — tradition ko preserve karna.
IV.
(ii)
Mesoba explained why _______________.
How to answer:
Noun clause after "why" — Mesoba would explain his wife's reluctance.
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Mesoba explained why
Arenla was unwilling to teach Sentila the art of pot making
.
Mesoba ne reason bataya Arenla ki unwillingness ka — "why" ke baad clause.
V.
(iii)
Onula's promise was that _______________.
How to answer:
Noun clause after "that" — what did Onula promise to do for Sentila?
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Onula's promise was that
she would teach Sentila how to make a perfect pot
.
Onula ka promise: Sentila ko perfect pot banana sikhaunga. "That" ke baad yahi noun clause aayega.
VI.
(iv)
Sentila observed her mother carefully when she was shaping the mouth of the pot, which _______________.
How to answer:
Relative clause after "which" — describe what the skill of shaping the mouth meant or showed.
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Sentila observed her mother carefully when she was shaping the mouth of the pot, which
required great precision and years of practise to master
.
Mouth shaping ke liye kya chahiye? "Which" ke baad uski khasiyat batao.
VII.
(v)
The kiln, where _______________, required careful attention to prevent over-or-under firing.
How to answer:
Relative clause after "where" — describe what happens inside a kiln.
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The kiln, where
the clay pots were fired at high temperatures to harden them
, required careful attention to prevent over-or-under firing.
Kiln mein kya hota hai? "Where" ke baad woh describe karo.
Vocabulary III — Relative Clauses
Complete the following sentences with suitable relative clauses.
VIII.
(i)
Sentila, whose ______________, practised the craft diligently.
How to answer:
Relative clause with "whose" — describe a quality or characteristic of Sentila.
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Sentila, whose
passion for pot making burned silently within her
, practised the craft diligently.
Sentila ki quality: "whose" ke baad uski ek khasiyat batao. Passion ke baare mein sochna.
IX.
(ii)
The village council, where ____________, sought an explanation for Arenla's reluctance.
How to answer:
"Where" relative clause — describe what happens at the village council.
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The village council, where
community matters and disputes were discussed and decided
, sought an explanation for Arenla's reluctance.
Village council mein kya hota hai? "Where" ke baad describe karo.
X.
(iii)
The potter's hands, which _____________, shaped the clay into beautiful creations.
How to answer:
"Which" relative clause — describe what makes the potter's hands special.
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The potter's hands, which
bore the marks of years of skilled labour and dedication
, shaped the clay into beautiful creations.
Potter ke haath kaisi hote hain? "Which" ke baad batao.
XI.
(iv)
Arenla, her mother, wanted her to learn weaving, which ______________________.
How to answer:
"Which" relative clause — state why weaving was preferable.
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Arenla, her mother, wanted her to learn weaving, which
was more financially rewarding and could be done comfortably indoors in all seasons
.
Weaving kyun better thi Arenla ke hisaab se? "Which" ke baad woh reason batao.
XII.
(v)
Mesoba went home and discussed the matter with Arenla, who _____________.
How to answer:
"Who" relative clause — describe what Arenla did or how she reacted.
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Mesoba went home and discussed the matter with Arenla, who
listened reluctantly but could not ignore the council's authority
.
Arenla ne kya response diya jab Mesoba ne baat ki? "Who" ke baad uski reaction.
Vocabulary IV — Determiners
XIII.
Vocabulary IV (i).
Find out some more determiners from the text of "The Pot Maker".
How to answer:
Determiners come before nouns — look for words like articles (a, an, the), numbers, possessives (her, his, their), and quantity words (some, many, all).
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Determiners found in the text include:
the
(the riverbank, the kiln, the shed),
a
(a new batch, a year),
her
(her mother, her basket),
some
(some clay),
many
(many times),
all
(all over again),
this
(this grave thing),
any
(any individual).
Text mein determiners dhundo: "the", "a", "her", "some", "many" — yeh sab nouns se pehle aate hain.
XIV.
(A).
Fill in the blank: The florist arranged five bouquets for her clients, that were displayed in ____________ elegant floral shop.
How to answer:
"An" ya "a" — "elegant" vowel sound se shuru hota hai.
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The florist arranged five bouquets for her clients, that were displayed in
an
elegant floral shop.
"Elegant" vowel sound se start hota hai, isliye "an" use karo.
XV.
(B).
Fill in the blank: The carpenter crafted ____________ unique tables, and _____________________ became the centrepiece in ____________________ furniture collection.
How to answer:
Think about quantity for the first blank, and which determiner refers back to "tables" and which shows possession.
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The carpenter crafted
some
unique tables, and
they
became the centrepiece in
his
furniture collection.
"Some" for quantity, "they" refers back to tables (pronoun acting as subject), "his" shows possession.
XVI.
(C).
Fill in the blank: ____________ of ____________ apprentices in ____________ culinary class demonstrated ____________ knife skills during the intense cooking session.
How to answer:
Think: how many, whose/which apprentices, which class, what type of skills.
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Each
of
the
apprentices in
the
culinary class demonstrated
excellent
knife skills during the intense cooking session.
"Each" = every one individually; "the" = specific apprentices and specific class; "excellent" describes knife skills.
XVII.
(D).
Fill in the blank: ____________ of ____________ sculptures were displayed at _______________ art exhibition, showcasing ___________ diverse artistic skills.
How to answer:
Think about how many sculptures, which exhibition, and what kind of artistic skills.
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Many
of
the
sculptures were displayed at
the
art exhibition, showcasing
their
diverse artistic skills.
"Many" = quantity; "the" = specific sculptures and specific exhibition; "their" = of the artists.
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