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(i)
Heat transfer takes place in solids through convection.
🔗 Concepts: 7.1 Conduction | 7.2 Convection
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False — solids transfer heat by conduction, not convection
Explanation
- In solids, particles are fixed in position and cannot move.
- Heat passes particle-to-particle without movement → this is conduction .
- Convection requires actual particle movement.
- This is only possible in liquids and gases.
Solids transfer heat by conduction (particles fixed); convection needs particle movement — impossible in solids.
(ii)
Heat transfer through convection takes place by the actual movement of particles.
🔗 Concept: 7.2 Convection
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True — convection happens by actual particle movement
Explanation
- Heated fluid particles physically move from hotter to cooler regions.
- They carry heat energy with them as they move.
- Particles move physically → this is what makes convection.
- In conduction, particles do not move.
- They only pass heat to the next particle.
In convection, particles physically move from hotter to cooler region, carrying heat with them.
(iii)
Areas with clay materials allow more seepage of water than those with sandy materials.
🔗 Concept: 7.4.1 Seepage of Water beneath the Earth
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False — clay allows less seepage than sand
Explanation
- Clay has very small pore spaces → water seeps very slowly (least seepage).
- Sand has larger pore spaces → more seepage than clay.
- Gravel has the widest spaces → fastest seepage of all three.
Seepage order: clay (slowest) < sand < gravel (fastest) — wider pore spaces allow more seepage.
(iv)
The movement of cooler air from land to sea is called land breeze.
🔗 Concept: 7.2.1 Land and Sea Breeze
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True — land breeze blows from land to sea at night
Explanation
- At night, land cools faster than the sea.
- Air above the warmer sea rises by convection.
- Cooler air from land moves toward the sea → this is the land breeze .
Land breeze = cooler air moving from land to sea at night, because land cools faster than sea.
