Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Communalism can take various forms in politics: l The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. These routinely involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. This is so common that we often fail to notice it, even when we believe in it. l A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community. For those belonging to majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit. l Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. This involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal and plain fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena. In electoral politics, this often involves special appeal to the interests or emotions of voters of one religion in preference to others. l Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre. India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of the Partition. The post-Independence period has also seen large scale communal violence.
Answer the following questions:
Question (i)
Which common expression of communalism gets involved in our everyday beliefs?
Answer:
From the paragraph,
- The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. These routinely involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities, and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. This is so common that we often fail to notice it, even when we believe in it.
- The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs . These routinely involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities, and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions.
Question (ii)
What does the communal mind lead to?
Answer:
From the paragraph
- (2) A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s religious community. For those belonging to the majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit .
- A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community. For those belonging to the majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit.
Question (iii)
How does communalism take its most ugly form?
Answer:
From the paragraph
- (4) Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots, and massacre. India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of the Partition. The post-Independence period has also seen large-scale communal violence.
- Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots, and massacre. India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of the Partition. The post-Independence period has also seen large-scale communal violence.
