Question 4 - 3 Marks Questions - Chapter 1 Class 8 History - The Modern Period - History

What is the ‘modern’ period in India associated with?

Answer:

Answer by Student

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• The modern period in India is associated with the British rule and the nationalist movement .
  
  
• The British rule began in the mid-eighteenth century, when the British East India Company established its political and economic dominance over India, and lasted until 1947, when India gained its independence.
  
  
• The nationalist movement was a series of historic events and struggles by various groups and leaders to end British colonialism and achieve self-rule for India. It started in 1857 with the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and culminated in 1947 with the Indian Independence Act.

Detailed Explanation by Teachoo

• The modern period in India is associated with the British rule and the nationalist movement. These are the two major themes that define the history of India from the mid-eighteenth century to the mid-twentieth century. They reflect the impact of colonialism and nationalism on various aspects of Indian society, culture, economy, and politics.
  
  
• The British rule began in the mid-eighteenth century, when the British East India Company established its political and economic dominance over India, and lasted until 1947, when India gained its independence. The British rule had various phases and features, such as:
  
  
  • The Company rule (1757-1858), when the British East India Company controlled most of India through its army, administration, trade, and treaties with local rulers. The Company rule was marked by wars, expansion, exploitation, reforms, and resistance.

• • The Crown rule (1858-1947), when the British government took over the direct control of India after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The Crown rule was marked by centralization, legislation, education, infrastructure, and repression.
    
    

• • The Partition of India (1947), when the British Raj was divided into two independent dominions of India and Pakistan on the basis of religion. The Partition of India was marked by violence, migration, trauma, and boundary disputes.

• The nationalist movement was a series of historic events and struggles by various groups and leaders to end British colonialism and achieve self-rule for India. It started in 1857 with the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and culminated in 1947 with the Indian Independence Act. The nationalist movement had various phases and features, such as:
  
  
  • The early phase (1858-1905), when moderate leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath Banerjea, etc., formed political associations and demanded more rights and representation for Indians within the British system. They used constitutional methods like petitions, resolutions, meetings, etc.
    
    
  • The extremist phase (1905-1919), when radical leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, etc., formed revolutionary groups and demanded complete independence for India from British rule. They used militant methods like boycotts, strikes, protests, etc.
    
    
  • The Gandhian phase (1919-1947), when Mahatma Gandhi emerged as the leader of the mass movement and advocated non-violence and civil disobedience as the means to achieve freedom for India. He was supported by other leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Maulana Azad, etc. They used methods like non-cooperation, salt march,

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