Question 2 - True or False - Chapter 2 Class 9 History - Socialism in Europe & Russian Revolution - History

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. The French Revolution of 1789 was a socialist revolution.

2. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was led by the Bolsheviks, a faction of the Social Democratic Workers’ Party.

3. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto in 1848, which outlined their vision of a classless society.

4. The Paris Commune of 1871 was a successful example of a socialist government that lasted for two months. The Paris Commune of 1871 was a successful example of a socialist government that lasted for two months.

5. Socialism in Europe declined after World War I due to the rise of fascism and nationalism.

Options:

1. II and III are true
2. Only I is true
3. I, IV and V are true
4. II and IV are true

Answer :

So the correct answer is (a): II and III are true.

Explanation

Let’s check all the statements

• Statement 1 : The French Revolution of 1789 was not a socialist revolution but a liberal revolution that aimed to overthrow the absolute monarchy and establish a constitutional government based on the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity, which is false .

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• Statement 2: The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of events that resulted in the overthrow of the Tsarist monarchy and the establishment of a socialist state. The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks, a radical faction of the Social Democratic Workers’ Party. So this statement is true .
• Statement 3: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were two German philosophers and economists who are considered the founders of scientific socialism. They wrote The Communist Manifesto in 1848, which was a political pamphlet that summarised their analysis of capitalism and its inherent contradictions.  So this statement is true .
• Statement 4: The Paris Commune of 1871 was an attempt to establish a socialist government in Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, which was later crushed by the French army in May 1871. Hence, it was not a successful example of a socialist government, but rather a short-lived and tragic experiment that inspired many socialists and revolutionaries around the world. So this statement is false .
• Statement 5: Socialism in Europe did not decline after World War I but rather diversified and adapted to different contexts and challenges. So this statement is false .

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