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Assertion (A): The Ports of Bombay and Calcutta declined.
Reason (R): As European companies gradually gained power over Indian trade, local merchants start facing losses, and exports from Surat and Hooghly ports fell.
Answer :
So, the correct answer is ‘d’
Explanation:
The port of Surat declined by the end of the 18th century as European companies gained power over Indian trade by securing concessions from local courts and monopoly rights to trade.
Let’s check
Assertion : The Ports of Bombay and Calcutta declined which is false.
Reason: As European companies gradually gained power over Indian trade, local merchants start facing losses, and exports from Surat and Hooghly ports fell which is true .
So,
- Assertion is false
- Reasoning is true
- Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Thus, the correct answer is (d).
