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One such individual was the Italian revolutionary, Giuseppe Mazzini. Born in Genoa in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. As a young man of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. He subsequently founded two more underground societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind. So Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. It had to be forged into a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. This unification alone could be the basis of Italian liberty. Following his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives. Metternich described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’.
Question (i)
Where was Giuseppe Mazzini born?
(a) Berne
(b) Paris
(c) Genoa
(d) Liguria
Answer
One such individual was the Italian revolutionary, Giuseppe Mazzini. Born in Genoa in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari.
Checking the options:
- (A) Berne - There is no such mention of Berne in the paragraph. So, this option is not correct.
- (B) Paris - There is no such mention of Paris in the paragraph . So, this option is not correct.
- (C) Genoa - Giuseppe Mazzini, born in Genoa in 1807. So, this option is correct .
- (D) Liguria - There is no such mention of Liguria in the paragraph. So, this option is not correct.
So, the correct answer is (C).
Question (ii)
Giuseppe Mazzini was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in __________.
(a) Genoa
(b) Liguria
(c) Poland
(d) Marseilles
Answer
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