Difference between Distillation and Fractional Distillation

Distillation

Fractional Distillation

It is used to separate liquids with higher difference in boiling points (>25° C)

It is used to separate liquids with less difference in boiling points (<25° C)

It uses a simple apparatus; 2 flasks and a condenser. No fractionating column is used

It uses a fractionating column additionally

We need to repeat the process multiple times to obtain pure liquids

We do not require to be repeated many times (as distillation / heating and cooling, takes places multiple times in one round of fractional distillation) 

Solvent can be separated from solute using distillation. 

Solvent cannot be separated from solute using fractional distillation. 

Uses

• It is used to separate acetone from water
• It is also used to purify sea water

Uses

• It is used to refine crude oil (convert crude oil into different components like petrol, diesel, kerosene)
• It is also used to obtain different gases from air