I
Read about three important revolutions in India. In groups of four, research more information about these revolutions. Share your findings with your classmates and teacher.
White Revolution
The White Revolution led to a increase in milk production in India primarily due to the efforts of Dr. Verghese Kurien. Therefore, he is known as ‘the Milkman of India’.
Green Revolution
The Green Revolution in India introduced high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice. It was initiated by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1967, Padma Bhushan in 1972, Padma Vibushan in 1989, and Bharat Ratna in 2024.
Blue Revolution
The Blue Revolution focused on increasing fisheries production and productivity in India. This initiative was led by Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri.
Question 42
How to answer:
The textbook gives the starting facts above. For “research more”, add information from reliable sources and keep it separate from what NCERT itself states.
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Revolution
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NCERT starter information
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What to research further
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White Revolution
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Increase in milk production; primarily linked here with Dr. Verghese Kurien.
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Objectives, cooperative model, important institutions and effects on milk producers.
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Green Revolution
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High-yielding wheat and rice; initiated by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan according to this chapter.
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Agricultural methods, regions, productivity changes and wider effects.
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Blue Revolution
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Increase in fisheries production and productivity; linked here with Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri.
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Fish production, aquaculture, livelihoods and major developments.
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Note:
The “research more” part requires sources beyond the chapter. The table above deliberately separates NCERT-supported facts from suggested research headings.
Table teen revolutions compare karta hai: White Revolution (milk production, Dr. Verghese Kurien se linked), Green Revolution (high-yield wheat-rice, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan) aur Blue Revolution (fisheries, Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri). NCERT ne sirf basic info di hai, baaki details — objectives, methods, effects — student ko khud research karke add karni hai, chapter se bahar ki cheez ko NCERT ka fact bataakar nahi likhna.
II
Read the information about Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) and find out more about JSS with the help of the link given in the textbook.
Vocational training for people in rural regions is provided by the
Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS)
, under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India. The objective of JSS is to economically uplift the rural population by imparting essential skill-based training. This enables local trades to grow and creates new opportunities for the people in the region.
Textbook link:
https://jss.gov.in/staticPages
Question 43
How to answer:
Begin with the information printed in NCERT. Then use the textbook link to add current details such as programmes, beneficiaries or centres.
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From the chapter:
JSS provides vocational training in rural regions under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. Its stated objective is to economically uplift the rural population through essential skill-based training, support local trades and create new opportunities.
For further research:
Use the textbook link to add current information. The chapter itself does not provide those additional details, so they should not be presented as if they came from NCERT.
Chapter ke according JSS, Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship ke under, rural areas mein vocational training deta hai, jiska goal hai skill-based training se rural population ko economically uplift karna aur local trades ko support karna. Further research ke liye textbook link use karna hai — extra details ko NCERT ka fact bolke present nahi karna.
III
Financial Literacy — Read the passage and discuss the questions given below.
READ THIS FIRST
Financial Literacy
Financial literacy is an essential lifelong skill that should be taught to children from an early age. Preparing children with financial literacy skills is an investment for their future well-being. By imparting an understanding of money, saving, budgeting, and wise spending, we empower them to navigate the financial world with confidence as they grow up.
Whether it is managing a cooperative society, a start-up, or a household budget, financial literacy is an ongoing learning process that evolves as children grow and their understanding deepens. An introduction to concepts of saving, budgeting, investing, and responsible spending equips them with essential life skills.
Children learn best through practical examples. Real-life situations help them understand the value of money and the importance of making wise financial choices. Thinking critically before spending helps cultivate responsible habits. The concept of saving and investing can be explained through relatable examples, such as planting seeds that grow into trees bearing fruit.
As children grow older, they will learn to differentiate between needs and wants, compare prices before making a purchase and understand importance of financial literacy.
Question 44
1. The importance of learning about money and saving from a young age. Share one example of it.
How to answer:
Use the ideas from the Financial Literacy passage and add a practical example where the question asks for one.
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Sample answer:
Learning about money early helps children understand saving, budgeting and responsible spending before they have larger financial responsibilities. For example, if a student receives ₹500 as a gift, the student can keep part of it aside for a future need instead of spending the entire amount immediately.
Chhoti age se money ke baare mein seekhna saving, budgeting aur responsible spending samajhne mein help karta hai. Example: agar student ko gift mein ₹500 milte hain, toh pura kharch karne ke bajaye kuch amount future need ke liye bacha sakta hai.
Question 45
2. Imagine you received some money as a gift. How would you decide whether to save it, spend it, or invest it? What factors would you consider?
How to answer:
Use the ideas from the Financial Literacy passage and add a practical example where the question asks for one.
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Sample answer:
I would first separate my
needs
from my
wants
. I would consider whether I need the money soon, compare prices before buying anything, and keep some amount for the future. If I did not need it immediately, I would prefer saving or, with proper guidance, investing part of it rather than spending everything at once.
Sabse pehle needs aur wants ko alag karna zaroori hai. Phir dekho ki paise ki zaroorat kab hai, prices compare karo aur kuch amount future ke liye rakho. Agar turant zaroorat nahi hai toh sab kharch karne ke bajaye saving ya, guidance ke saath, investing better option hai.
Question 46
3. If you were in charge of planning a small event at school with a limited budget, how would you manage the money?
How to answer:
Use the ideas from the Financial Literacy passage and add a practical example where the question asks for one.
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Sample answer:
I would list the essential expenses first, decide the maximum amount available for each item, compare prices and avoid unnecessary spending. I would keep a small amount unspent for unexpected costs and record every expense so that the total stays within the budget.
Pehle essential expenses list karo, har item ke liye max amount decide karo, prices compare karo aur unnecessary spending avoid karo. Unexpected costs ke liye thoda amount unspent rakho aur har expense record karo taaki total budget ke andar rahe.
Question 47
4. Why is financial literacy important for everyone?
How to answer:
Use the ideas from the Financial Literacy passage and add a practical example where the question asks for one.
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Sample answer:
Financial literacy helps people make informed decisions about money, saving, budgeting, investing and responsible spending. It helps them distinguish needs from wants, compare choices and manage limited resources with greater confidence.
Financial literacy logon ko money, saving, budgeting, investing aur spending ke baare mein informed decisions lene mein help karti hai. Isse needs aur wants mein farak karna, choices compare karna aur limited resources ko confidently manage karna aasan ho jaata hai.
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