I. Word Stress and Part of Speech
Read the highlighted word in the following sentence from the text.
That common good will
present
itself to you in many forms every day.
The same spelling can have different stress
preSENT
(verb) — stress on the second syllable.
PREsent
(noun) — stress on the first syllable.
I
Now, read aloud the given words with the correct syllable stress according to the part of speech given in the brackets.
Question 37
PROduce
(noun)
pro
DUCE
(verb)
con
TRACT
(verb)
CON
tract (noun)
PRO
ject (noun)
pro
JECT
(verb)
con
TENT
(verb)
CON
tent (noun)
RE
fuse (noun)
re
FUSE
(verb)
How to answer:
Say the stressed syllable more clearly and strongly than the unstressed syllable.
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PRO
duce — noun
pro
DUCE
— verb
con
TRACT
— verb
CON
tract — noun
PRO
ject — noun
pro
JECT
— verb
con
TENT
— verb
CON
tent — noun
RE
fuse — noun
re
FUSE
— verb
Yeh words noun aur verb dono ban sakte hain, sirf stress ka position badalta hai — noun mein stress pehle syllable pe (PROduce, CONtract, PROject, CONtent, REfuse) aur verb mein stress dusre syllable pe (proDUCE, conTRACT, proJECT, conTENT, reFUSE).
II. The “-sure” Ending
Read the highlighted words in the following sentence from the text.
…but it becomes a possession that can be
treasured
and re-read over the years, with great, abiding
pleasure
.
“Zhuh” and “shuh” sounds
NCERT gives
treasure
[treh-Zhuh] and
pleasure
[pleh-Zhuh].
Some words ending in
-sure
have a
“shuh”
sound, as in
pressure
[preh-shuh].
II
Now, read aloud the words given below with the ‘shuh’ or ‘zhuh’ sound.
Question 38
measure
leisure
reassure
enclosure
exposure
ensure
seizure
fissure
composure
unsure
How to answer:
Say each word aloud and listen to the sound made by the -sure ending.
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“zhuh” sound
measure · leisure · enclosure · exposure · seizure · composure
“shuh” sound
reassure · ensure · fissure · unsure
'Zhuh' sound wale words: measure, leisure, enclosure, exposure, seizure, composure. 'Shuh' sound wale words: reassure, ensure, fissure, unsure — spelling milti-julti lagti hai but ending sound alag hota hai.
III. Pausing and Chunking
Why do speakers pause?
Pausing and chunking
split speech into smaller meaning-groups so that a listener can follow the idea more easily.
/
= shorter pause
//
= longer pause
III.1
Read aloud the following lines from the poem. Now, read the lines once again by taking a shorter pause (/) or a long pause (//). Notice which version is easier for a listener to follow and understand.
Question 39
READ ALOUD
Don’t Quit — Edgar Albert Guest
When things go wrong, as they sometimes will,
when the road you’re trudging seems all uphill,
when the funds are low and the debts are high,
and you want to smile but you have to sigh,
when care is pressing you down a bit—rest if you must,
but don’t you quit.
NCERT chunked version:
When things go wrong,/as they sometimes will,//
when the road you’re trudging/seems all uphill,//
when the funds are low/and the debts are high,//
and you want to smile/but you have to sigh,//
when care is pressing you down a bit/—rest if you must,/
but don’t you quit.//
Have you listened to this song in Hindi or in your language? Share with your classmates and teacher.
How to answer:
Read both versions aloud. The second version already shows the pauses; compare how easy each is to follow.
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Sample response:
The version with / and // is easier to follow because the pauses divide the long sentences into clear meaning-groups. The last part is a sharing activity, so the response about a Hindi or regional-language version will vary.
/ aur // wale version follow karna easy hai kyunki pauses lambi sentences ko chhote meaning-groups mein divide kar dete hain. Last part ek sharing activity hai, toh Hindi ya regional-language version ka response har student ke hisaab se vary karega.
III.2
Chunk the stanzas with (/) or (//) and read it aloud.
Question 40
Life is queer with its twists and turns.
As everyone of us sometimes learns.
And many a fellow turns about when he might
have won had he stuck it out.
Don’t give up though the pace seems slow—
you may succeed with another blow.
Often the goal is nearer than it seems to a faint and faltering man.
How to answer:
Pause where one small idea finishes. A sensible chunking may differ slightly between speakers.
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One possible chunking:
Life is queer / with its twists and turns. //
As everyone of us / sometimes learns. //
And many a fellow turns about / when he might have won / had he stuck it out. //
Don’t give up / though the pace seems slow— //
you may succeed / with another blow. //
Often the goal is nearer / than it seems / to a faint and faltering man. //
Note:
More than one sensible chunking is possible if the meaning remains clear.
Yahan poem ko / aur // se chunks mein divide kiya gaya hai taaki reading clear aur meaningful lage, jaise 'Life is queer / with its twists and turns. //'. Agar meaning clear rahe toh aur bhi tarike se chunking possible hai.