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What Non-Communicable Diseases Are
- They do not spread between people
- Restricted to the affected person only
- Caused by lack of nutrients in diet
- Or by tissue degeneration in old age
- Also by cancer or metabolic disorders
- caused by iodine deficiency
- leads to a swollen neck
- does not spread to others
- uncontrolled growth of tissues
- stays in the affected person
- a non-communicable disease
- Causes: deficiency, degeneration, cancer, metabolic disorders, and accidents.
- Examples: kwashiorkor, rickets, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, goitre, obesity.
- They are restricted only to the person suffering from them.
Deficiency Diseases
- Caused by lack of nutrients in diet
- Protein lack causes kwashiorkor
- Vitamin A lack causes night blindness
- Vitamin C lack causes scurvy
- Iron lack causes anaemia
- caused by Vitamin C deficiency
- bleeding gums and loose teeth
- wounds do not heal easily
- lack of Vitamin D and calcium
- bent legs and pigeon chest
- poor teeth formation
- Beri-beri is caused by Vitamin B₁ deficiency, with weak muscles and swelling.
- Marasmus is caused by lack of both protein and carbohydrate.
- Goitre is caused by iodine deficiency.
Chronic and Lifestyle Diseases
- They last a long time, over three months
- Also called lifestyle-related diseases
- Include diabetes, asthma and stroke
- Caused by poor diet and inactivity
- Can be controlled but not fully cured
- a metabolic disorder
- blood sugar rises due to low insulin
- controlled by lifestyle and medicine
- linked to smoking and poor diet
- lasts a long time
- managed by lifestyle changes
- Main causes are lack of activity, excess smoking and drinking, tobacco use and poor diet.
- Diabetes can damage the heart, kidneys, eyes and nerves.
- Its signs include frequent urination, thirst, fatigue and slow healing wounds.
Name the following: Diseases caused by lack of essential nutrients in our diet.
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Explanation
- Examples are scurvy, rickets, beri-beri and anaemia.
Fill in the blank: Deficiency of Vitamin A in the diet of a person causes ________.
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Explanation
- A person with night blindness is unable to see in dim light.
What do you understand by deficiency disease and chronic disease?
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Explanation
- Deficiency diseases include scurvy, rickets and anaemia.
- Chronic diseases include diabetes, asthma and heart disease.
- Chronic diseases can be controlled but not fully cured.
A person is suffering from diabetes for a long period of time. What changes can you suggest to help him control his diabetes?
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Explanation
- Limit the intake of carbohydrates.
- Exercise regularly and manage stress.
- Monitor blood sugar level and take medication.
Diseases can be broadly grouped into communicable and non-communicable diseases. From the options given below, identify the non-communicable diseases. A. typhoid B. asthma C. diabetes D. measles. (NCERT Book Question)
- (a) A and B
- (b) B and C
- (c) A and D
- (d) B and D
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Explanation
- Asthma and diabetes are non-communicable.
- Typhoid and measles are communicable.
One of the following is caused due to deficiency of vitamin in diet. This one is:
- (a) goitre
- (b) marasmus
- (c) beri-beri
- (d) anaemia
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Explanation
- Beri-beri is caused by Vitamin B₁ deficiency.
- Goitre is from iodine, anaemia from iron, marasmus from protein and carbohydrate.
Which among the following may happen due to unhealthy lifestyle? A. heart attack B. typhoid C. obesity D. anaemia.
- (a) A and B
- (b) B and C
- (c) A and C
- (d) A and D
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Explanation
- Heart attack and obesity are linked to unhealthy lifestyle.
- Typhoid is communicable; anaemia is a deficiency disease.
