How does adaptation help animals living in extremely cold regions survive?

Penguins have also adapted to severe conditions with the help of some special characteristics:

1. White and black in colour - helps it merge well with the background so its predators and prey cannot see it
2. thick skin and a lot of fat - It also has these features to protect it from the cold. 
3. They live together in large numbers - Penguins are generally seen huddled together to keep warm in cold weather.. 
4. Streamlined body, webbed feet and flipper-like wings - Penguins are good swimmers due to these adaptations