What does 10 4 mean?
It means 10 multiplied 4 times
10 4 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
Similarly
5 2 = 5 × 5
2 3 = 2 × 2 × 2
4 8 = 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4
3 5 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
Here,
10 4 is called 10 to the power of 4
5 2 is called 5 to the power of 2 or 5 squared
2 3 is called 2 to the power of 3 or 2 cubed
4 8 is called 4 to the power of 8
3 5 is called 3 to the power of 5