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Cause and Effect — Sorting Matter
From Matter to Its Three Types
All matter around us
↓
Is it mixed or one substance?
Mixed parts keep their own properties.
↓
Mixed → Mixture
Can be uniform or non-uniform.
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One substance → Pure
Same type of particles throughout.
↓
Element (simplest) or Compound (joined)
Mind Map
Nature of Matter
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
8.1
What Are Mixtures?
Mixed substances; uniform vs non-uniform; air is a mixture.
8.2
What Are Pure Substances?
One type of particle; cannot be physically separated.
8.3
Types of Pure Substances
Elements (simplest) and compounds (joined in fixed ratio).
8.4
How Do We Use Them?
Medicines, alloys, fertilisers; light and heat are not matter.
8.5
What Are Minerals?
Rocks are mixtures; native = elements, most = compounds.
Key Terms and Definitions
- Matter
- Anything that has mass and takes up space.
- Mixture
- Two or more substances mixed together, each keeping its own properties.
- Components
- The individual substances that make up a mixture.
- Uniform mixture
- A mixture whose components are evenly spread and cannot be seen separately.
- Non-uniform mixture
- A mixture whose components can be seen separately.
- Alloy
- A uniform mixture of two or more metals, like brass or bronze.
- Pure substance
- Matter made of the same type of particles, not separable by physical means.
- Adulteration
- Illegally adding cheaper or poor-quality substances to a product.
- Element
- A pure substance that cannot be broken into simpler substances.
- Atom
- The identical tiny particle that an element is made of.
- Molecule
- A stable particle formed when two or more atoms combine.
- Metalloid
- An element with properties between metals and non-metals.
- Compound
- Two or more elements joined chemically in a fixed ratio, with new properties.
- Sodium chloride
- Common salt; sodium and chlorine in a 1:1 ratio.
- Iron sulfide
- The compound formed by heating iron and sulfur together.
- Mineral
- A natural solid found in the Earth with a fixed chemical composition.
- Native mineral
- A mineral that is a pure element, not a compound.
