Question 6 — Mitochondria and chloroplasts are - Questions at the end of the chapter - Chapter 2 - Cell: The Building Block of Life (Exploration)

Last updated at July 10, 2026 by

Q 6
Question

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are two important organelles in a plant cell. Discuss how these two organelles are structurally and functionally similar to each other, and different from each other.

Image: A mitochondrion and a chloroplast shown side by side, both with double membranes, their own DNA and ribosomes, with the mitochondrion releasing energy and the chloroplast making food by photosynthesis.
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Answer
They share structure but differ in function.

Explanation

Feature Mitochondrion Chloroplast
Membranes Double-membrane-bound. Double-membrane-bound.
Own DNA and ribosomes Yes. Yes.
Main function Releases energy (respiration). Makes food (photosynthesis).
Pigment No chlorophyll. Has chlorophyll.
Both have double membranes and own DNA, but do different jobs.
Mitochondria vs Chloroplasts Mitochondria Chloroplasts In all eukaryotic cells. Only in plant cells. Release energy (ATP). Make food by photosynthesis. Have their own DNA. Have their own DNA.
← Back to concept: 2.3.1 Mitochondria and plastids
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