4.4.4 Elements Classification

Last updated at July 13, 2026 by

What is Elements Classification?

It is the grouping of elements into metals and non-metals based on their properties .

Key Facts and Examples
  • Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances .
Example: Iron, oxygen, carbon are elements
  • 118 elements are known at present .
Example: Hydrogen (1st), Oganesson (118th) in periodic table
  • Elements are classified as metals and non-metals .
Example: Iron, copper are metals; oxygen, carbon are non-metals
  • Non-metals are essential for life .
Example: Oxygen for breathing, carbon in all living things
Elements Classification Metals Shiny, malleable, good conductors Non-metals Dull, brittle, poor conductors Total Elements 118 known elements today

Question (Page 7): Which substances are stored in special conditions and why?

Answer:
We have studied that some non-metals are highly reactive with air and water . This is why special storage is needed.

  • Phosphorus is stored in water to prevent fire
  • Sodium metal is stored in kerosene to prevent reaction
Special Storage Requirements Stored in Water Stored in Kerosene Phosphorus - catches fire in air Sodium - reacts with water White phosphorus - very reactive Potassium - reacts vigorously

Section Summary: Substances that Behave Differently from Metals in Air and Water

Non-metals Summary Air Reactions Form acidic oxides Oxide Nature Acidic, turn litmus red Properties Dull, brittle, poor conductors Classification Elements different from metals
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