Chemical Reactions of Acids

  1. Acid reacting with Metals
    Acid reacts with Metals to form Salt and Hydogen gas is also released.
                                      Acid + Metals → Salt + Hydrogen Gas

    When Zinc (Zn)  reacts with dilute Sulphuric Acid (H 2 SO 4 ) , it produces a salt called Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO 4 )  and Hydrogen Gas.
                                   Zn(s) + H 2 SO 4 (aq) → ZnSO 4 (aq) + H 2 (g)
    Reaction of Zinc Metal with Dilute Sulphuric Acid.jpg

  2. Acid reacting with metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates
    Acid Reacts with Metal Carbonates to form Salt, water and release Carbon Dioxide

                         Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water


     Note : The carbon dioxide released is in the form of brisk effervescence (subtle white smoke).

    For example


    i.) When dilute Hydrochloric Acid reacts with Sodium Carbonate , it produces a salt called Sodium Chloride, Water and Carbon Dioxide is released.




                                                      2HCl(aq) + Na 2 CO 3 (s)  →  2NaCl(aq)+ H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g)


    ii.) When  Hydrochloric Acid reacts with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate, it produces a salt called Sodium Chloride, water and Carbon Dioxide.


                                         Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate →  Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

                                                    HCl(aq) + NaHCO 3 (s)  →  NaCl(aq)+ H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g)


     Note : The carbon dioxide released is in the form of brisk effervescence (subtle white smoke).


    • The CO 2 evolved in the above reactions when passed through lime water ( Ca(OH) 2 Solution) turns the lime water milky due to the formation of white coloured precipitate of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO 3 ).

                                                           Ca(OH) 2 (aq) + CO 2 (g) → CaCO 3 (s) + H 2 O(l)

                                   

    • If excess Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) is passed through lime water over a prolonged period of time , the lime water again returns to a colourless liquid as the milkiness disappears due to the formation of a soluble salt called Calcium Hydrogencarbonate (Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 )  .

                                                          CaCO 3 (s) + CO 2 (g) + H 2 0 (l) → Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 (s) 

    Carbon Dioxide being passed through lime water-Teachoo.jpg
  3. Acid reacting with Metallic Oxides and Metal Hydroxide

    Acids react with Metal Oxides to form Salt and Water

     

    Acid + Metal Oxide/Metal Hydroxide → Salt + Water  

     

    When Dilute Hydrochloric acid reacts with Copper (II) Oxide (CuO) , it forms a salt called Copper (II) Chloride (CuCl 2 )  and Water(H 2 0).


                                                 CuO (s) + HCl (aq) → CuCl 2 (s) + H 2 O (l)

Copper Oxide reaction with HCl-Teachoo.jpg

 

NCERT Question - Q3, Q4, Q14



Intext Question - Page 22 Q1, Q2, Q3

NCERT Question - Q3, Q5




Intext Question - Page 25 Q1, Q2, Q3

NCERT Question - Q6, Q8

 

Chemical Reactions of Bases 

 

  1. Reaction of Base with Metals
    This reaction leads to the formation of a salt and hydrogen gas is also released.

                                              Base + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen Gas

    When Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, a base) is heated with Zinc (Zn, a metal),it forms Sodium Zincate (Na2ZnO2, a salt) and Hydrogen Gas (H2). This hydrogen gas produces a pop sound
                                        2NaOH (aq) +Zn (s) →Na 2 ZnO 2 (aq) + H 2 (g)

    Reaction of zinc granules with dilute sulphuric acid and testing hydrogen.jpg
  2. Reaction of Base with Non-Metal Oxides:

    Base reacts with Non-metal Oxides to form Salt and water


                                                                    Non-Metal Oxide + Base → Salt + Water


    When Calcium Hydroxide ( Ca(OH) 2 , a base) reacts with Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 , a Non-metal Oxide) , it results in the formation of the salt Calcium Carbonate ( CaCO 3 ) and Water ( H 2 O).


                                                             Ca(OH) 2 (aq) + CO 2 (g) → CaCO 3 (s) + H 2 O (l)


    Note : Since this is a form of a neutralisation reaction which yields salt and water , we can conclude that CO 2 is and Acid since it neutralises Ca(OH) 2

Passing carbon dioxide gas through calcium hydroxide solution.jpg

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CA Maninder Singh is a Chartered Accountant for the past 14 years and a teacher from the past 18 years. He teaches Science, Economics, Accounting and English at Teachoo